![]() ![]() In recent years, stem cell-based biomaterial therapies have received increasing attention. Biomaterials are clinically important materials for repairing damaged tissues and organs. Tissue engineering combines cell biology, materials science, and biomedical engineering to obtain biological substitutes. Tissue engineering provides an alternative approach to tissue repair. ![]() However, the inherent proliferation ability of tissues and cells in the human body is variable. Ideally, the tissue defect is completely repaired by cells of the same nature as the injured cells to restore the original tissue structure and function. Introduction Tissue repair refers to the regeneration, replacement, repair, or restoration of tissues that are damaged or suffer from certain pathogenic factors. His research focuses on engineering exosomes for targeted therapy.ฤก. His current work is as principal investigator at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center. Previously, he was a research fellow at Peking University and Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School. in Chemistry at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His research interests focus on design and synthesis of biocompatible 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. While he worked as a research scientist at the department of orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital. of innovation leading engineering at Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School, supervised by Prof. Jianghong Huang is carrying out his Ph.D. ![]() We look forward to the broad application prospects of exosome-laden scaffolds. In addition, we highlight examples of exosome-laden scaffolds for preclinical applications in tissue repair. This review introduces exosomes from the aspects of biogenesis, composition, identification, and isolation, and focuses on the development status of scaffold materials for exosome delivery. Preclinical studies of exosomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been carried in the fields of bone/cartilage repair, nerve regeneration, liver and kidney regeneration, skin repair, vascular tissue regeneration, etc. Meanwhile, exosomes can be used as nanocarriers to deliver active factors or small molecules to promote tissue repair. Exosomes are a type of nanoscale extracellular vesicle that contain biologically active molecules such as RNA and proteins therefore, exosomes can replicate the functions of their parental cells. The paracrine effects of cells, especially secretion of exosomes, play vital roles in cell communication, immune response, angiogenesis, scar formation, tissue repair, and other biological functions. Therefore, it is difficult to universally and safely apply stem cell banks for regenerative medicine. However, their use is still associated with problems such as decreased cell survival and regeneration capacity after transplantation, immune rejection, and ethical concerns. As the core of tissue repair, seed cells are widely used in various fields of regenerative medicine. With the development of regenerative medicine, tissue repair at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level has seen continuous improvements over traditional techniques.
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